Potentials of Establishing Sentinel Integrated Reef Ecosystem in Eastern Coast of Bicol Region, Philippines
Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research,
Page 10-21
DOI:
10.9734/ajfar/2022/v16i630388
Abstract
Sentinel species is an important input in understanding environmental health conditions that can provide integrated and relevant information on the possible degree of impact of anthropogenic and natural causes providing information about ecological processes. Identifying “proper set” of ecosystem sentinels will enhance the capacity to monitor and predict environmental change to help guide ecosystem science and conservation efforts. In the Eastern Bicol Region, we surveyed selected areas to identify the healthy coral reefs to develop a “sentinel integrated system” that will allow regular monitoring of the best reefs and as a showcase for proper coral reef ecosystem management. Please describe the methods briefly. Results showed that there are healthy reefs and indicator organisms were found that are good candidate for a sentinel integrated system that can serve as potential markers of environmental or biological changes. Most healthy reefs are found in Eastern Al (Albay and Lagonoy Gulfs) while those in Asid Gulf and Western Albay have low reef quality. This also corresponds to deep and shallow reef areas respectively.
Keywords:
- Reef management
- sentinel ecosystem
- indicator species
- aquasis
How to Cite
B. Mendoza, Jr, A., & Karl Bista, J. (2022). Potentials of Establishing Sentinel Integrated Reef Ecosystem in Eastern Coast of Bicol Region, Philippines. Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research, 16(6), 10-21. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajfar/2022/v16i630388
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Gerhardt A. Bioindicator species and their use in biomonitoring. Environmental monitoring. 2002;1:77-123.
Hourigan TF, Timothy CT, Reese ES. Coral reef fishes as indicators of environmental stress in coral reefs. In Marine organisms as indicators . Springer, New York, NY. 1998;107-135.
McClanahan TR. Resource utilization, competition, and predation: a model and example from coral reef grazers. Ecological modelling. 1992;61(3-4):195-215.
McClanahan TR. A coral reef ecosystem-fisheries model: impacts of fishing intensity and catch selection on reef structure and processes. Ecological Modelling. 1995; 80(1):1-19.
Nozawa Y, Lin CH, Meng PJ. Sea urchins (diadematids) promote coral recovery via recruitment on Taiwanese reefs. Coral Reefs. 2020;39: 1199-1207.
Hawkins JP, Roberts CM. Effects of artisanal fishing on Caribbean coral reefs. Conservation Biology. 2004;18(1): 215-226.
Komyakova V, Munday PL, Jones GP. Relative Importance of Coral Cover, Habitat Complexity and Diversity in Determining the Structure of Reef Fish Communities. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(12): e83178. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0083178
Birkeland C. Coral Reefs in the Anthropocene. Coral Reefs in the Anthropocene. 2015;1–15. DOI:10.1007/978-94-017-7249-5_1
Edinger EN, Limmon GV, Jompa J, Widjatmoko W, Heikoop JM, Risk MJ. Normal Coral Growth Rates on Dying Reefs: Are Coral Growth Rates Good Indicators of Reef Health? Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2000;40(5):404–425. DOI:10.1016/s0025-326x(99)00237-4
Hopkins A. Marine Invertebrates as indicators of reef health. MSc Conservation Science; 2009.
Purcell SW, Conand C, Uthicke S, Byrne M. Ecological roles of exploited sea cucumbers. In Oceanography and marine biology. CRC Press. 2015;375-394.
Brodie J, Fabricius K, De’ath G, Okaji K. Are increased nutrient inputs responsible for more outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish? An appraisal of the evidence. Marine pollution bulletin. 2005; 51(1-4):266-278.
Idjadi JA, Haring RN, Precht WF. Recovery of the sea urchin Diadema antillarum promotes scleractinian coral growth and survivorship on shallow Jamaican reefs. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2010;403:91-100.
Grimsditch G. A Study of Potential Coral Reef Bioindicators in the Mamanucas Region, Fiji, using Coral Cay Conservation Reef Check Data. Thesis for: MSc Conservation, University College London; 2004.
Bruun K. Algae can function as indicators of water pollution. Walpa org., Washington; 2012.
Wilkinson CR. Interocean differences in size and nutrition of coral reef sponge populations. Science. 1987;236:1654-1657.
Hughes TP, Szmant AM, Steneck RS, Carpenter RC, Miller S. Algal blooms on coral reefs: What are the causes? Limnol. Oceanogr. 1999;44:1583–1586.
Knowlton N. The future of coral reefs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2001;98(10):5419-5425.
Hazen EL, Abrahms B, Brodie S, Carroll G, Jacox MG, Savoca MS, Bograd SJ. Marine top predators as climate and ecosystem sentinels. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 2018;17(10):565-574.
English S, Wilkinson C, Baker V. Survey Manual for Tropical Marine Resources. Townsville, Australia, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville Australia. 1997;378
Rogers CS. Common (or is it uncommon?) sense about coral reef monitoring. In A Coral Reef Symposium on Practical, Reliable, Low-Cost Monitoring Methods for Assessing the Biota and Habitat Conditions of Coral Reefs. 1995;63.
Wilkinson CR. Status of Coral reefs of the World: Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network and Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia. 1998;184.
Barrett J, Rose J, Deonarine S, Clemetson A, Pagach J, Parker EA, Tedesco M. Sentinel monitoring for climate change in the Long Island Sound estuarine and coastal ecosystems of New York and Connecticut. Long Island Sound Study. 2012;2.
Lower WR, Kendall RJ. Sentinel species and sentinel bioassay. In Biomarkers of environmental contamination. 2018;309-331). CRC Press. World Resource Institute; 2008. Available:https://www.wri.org/research/world-resources-2008
Rivera-Guieb, Rebecca, Alexander Boyd-Hagart, Jocel Pangilinan, and Ronet Santos. Aquatic Resources in the Philippines and the Extent of Poverty in the Sector. Quezon City, Philippines: Voluntary Service Overseas (Philippines); 2002.
Licuanan WY, Gomez ED. Philippine Coral Reefs, Reef Fishes, and Associated Fisheries: Status and Recommendations to Improve Their Management. Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN) Report; 2000.
Licuanan AM, Reyes MZ, Luzon KS, Chan MAA, Licuanan WY. Initial findings of the nationwide assessment of Philippine coral reefs. Philippine Journal of Science. 2047;146(2): 177-185.
Mendoza AB, David DN, Camaya AP, Buella RB. (unpublished). Assessment of marine protected areas in Bicol Region. Biodiversity program. Report submitted to BU Tabaco Campus and BU Research and Development Center; 2002.
Mendoza AB, Soliman VS, David DN, Buella JR. (unpublished) Assessment of marine fishery reserves and sanctuaries in Bicol for local government planning. Annual report submitted Bicol University Research and Statistics Center.
Mendoza Jr AB, Borejon MC, Bista B, JK. Status of Coral Reefs in Lagonoy Gulf, Eastern Bicol, Philippines with Emphasis on Marine Protected Areas. Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research. 2021;15(6):123-129.
Kohler KE, Gill SM. (Coral Point Count with Excel extensions (CPCe): A Visual Basic program for the determination of coral and substrate coverage using random point count methodology. Computers and Geosciences. 2006;32(9):1259-1269, DOI:10.1016/j.cageo.2005.11.009.
Hill, Jos, Clive Wilkinson. Methods for Ecological Monitoring of Coral Reefs. Australian Institute of Marine Science. Townsville Australia. 2004;117.
Olaño VL, Lanzuela NS, Paredes KS. Assessment of Fishery Resources in Lagonoy Gulf, Philippines. The Philippine Journal of Fisheries. 2018;25(1):62-76.
Bobiles RU, Soliman VS. Fishery of commercial scallops in Asid Gulf, Philippines. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation. 2018;11(4): 1265-1273.
Soliman VS. Managing at the “root” of Kuroshio. Kuroshio Science. 2013;7(1).
Lachica-Aliño L, David LT, Wolff M, Aliño PM, Rañola MCG. (Distributional patterns, habitat overlap and trophic interactions of species caught by trawling in the Ragay Gulf, Philippines. Philippine Agricultural Scientist. 2009;92(1):46-65.
Soliman VS, Mendoza AB, Yamaoka K. (Seaweed-associated Fishes of Lagonoy Gulf in Bicol, the Philippines―with Emphasis on Siganids (Teleoptei: Siganidae). Kuroshio Science. 2008;2(1);67-72.
Armstrong CW, Falk-Petersen J. Habitat–fisheries interactions: a missing link? ICES Journal of Marine Science/Journal du Conseil. 2008;65(6).
Israel DC. Economics and environment in the fisheries sector. In Turbulent Seas: The Status of Philippine Marine Fisheries. 2004;131-137.
Cabiles CD, Mendoza Jr AB, Dioneda Sr RR, Soliman VS. Coral reef assessment in selected marine protected areas in Albay, Philippines. Kuroshio Science. 2017;11(1): 50-53.
Mendoza Jr, AB, Soliman VS. Coastal habitats of Asid Gulf, Masbate, Philippines: assessment and role of marine protected areas for management development. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation. 2017;10(5): 1351-1359.
Maypa AP, White AT, Caňares, E, Martinez R, Eisma-Osorio RL, Aliňo P, Apistar D. Marine protected area management effectiveness: progress and lessons in the Philippines. Coastal Management. 2012;40(5):510-524.
Green AL, Bellwood DR, Choat H. Monitoring functional groups of herbivorous reef fishes as indicators of coral reef resilience. A practical guide for coral reef managers in the Asia Pacific Region. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland; 2009. Available:http://cmsdata.iucn.org /downloads/resilience_herbivorous_monitoring. pdf.
Gerhardt A. Bioindicator species and their use in biomonitoring. Environmental monitoring. 2002;1:77-123.
Hourigan TF, Timothy CT, Reese ES. Coral reef fishes as indicators of environmental stress in coral reefs. In Marine organisms as indicators . Springer, New York, NY. 1998;107-135.
McClanahan TR. Resource utilization, competition, and predation: a model and example from coral reef grazers. Ecological modelling. 1992;61(3-4):195-215.
McClanahan TR. A coral reef ecosystem-fisheries model: impacts of fishing intensity and catch selection on reef structure and processes. Ecological Modelling. 1995; 80(1):1-19.
Nozawa Y, Lin CH, Meng PJ. Sea urchins (diadematids) promote coral recovery via recruitment on Taiwanese reefs. Coral Reefs. 2020;39: 1199-1207.
Hawkins JP, Roberts CM. Effects of artisanal fishing on Caribbean coral reefs. Conservation Biology. 2004;18(1): 215-226.
Komyakova V, Munday PL, Jones GP. Relative Importance of Coral Cover, Habitat Complexity and Diversity in Determining the Structure of Reef Fish Communities. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(12): e83178. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0083178
Birkeland C. Coral Reefs in the Anthropocene. Coral Reefs in the Anthropocene. 2015;1–15. DOI:10.1007/978-94-017-7249-5_1
Edinger EN, Limmon GV, Jompa J, Widjatmoko W, Heikoop JM, Risk MJ. Normal Coral Growth Rates on Dying Reefs: Are Coral Growth Rates Good Indicators of Reef Health? Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2000;40(5):404–425. DOI:10.1016/s0025-326x(99)00237-4
Hopkins A. Marine Invertebrates as indicators of reef health. MSc Conservation Science; 2009.
Purcell SW, Conand C, Uthicke S, Byrne M. Ecological roles of exploited sea cucumbers. In Oceanography and marine biology. CRC Press. 2015;375-394.
Brodie J, Fabricius K, De’ath G, Okaji K. Are increased nutrient inputs responsible for more outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish? An appraisal of the evidence. Marine pollution bulletin. 2005; 51(1-4):266-278.
Idjadi JA, Haring RN, Precht WF. Recovery of the sea urchin Diadema antillarum promotes scleractinian coral growth and survivorship on shallow Jamaican reefs. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2010;403:91-100.
Grimsditch G. A Study of Potential Coral Reef Bioindicators in the Mamanucas Region, Fiji, using Coral Cay Conservation Reef Check Data. Thesis for: MSc Conservation, University College London; 2004.
Bruun K. Algae can function as indicators of water pollution. Walpa org., Washington; 2012.
Wilkinson CR. Interocean differences in size and nutrition of coral reef sponge populations. Science. 1987;236:1654-1657.
Hughes TP, Szmant AM, Steneck RS, Carpenter RC, Miller S. Algal blooms on coral reefs: What are the causes? Limnol. Oceanogr. 1999;44:1583–1586.
Knowlton N. The future of coral reefs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2001;98(10):5419-5425.
Hazen EL, Abrahms B, Brodie S, Carroll G, Jacox MG, Savoca MS, Bograd SJ. Marine top predators as climate and ecosystem sentinels. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 2018;17(10):565-574.
English S, Wilkinson C, Baker V. Survey Manual for Tropical Marine Resources. Townsville, Australia, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville Australia. 1997;378
Rogers CS. Common (or is it uncommon?) sense about coral reef monitoring. In A Coral Reef Symposium on Practical, Reliable, Low-Cost Monitoring Methods for Assessing the Biota and Habitat Conditions of Coral Reefs. 1995;63.
Wilkinson CR. Status of Coral reefs of the World: Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network and Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia. 1998;184.
Barrett J, Rose J, Deonarine S, Clemetson A, Pagach J, Parker EA, Tedesco M. Sentinel monitoring for climate change in the Long Island Sound estuarine and coastal ecosystems of New York and Connecticut. Long Island Sound Study. 2012;2.
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