A Mini-Review: The Role of Chitosan in Aquaculture Fish Health Management
Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research,
Page 24-31
DOI:
10.9734/ajfar/2022/v17i330405
Abstract
Sustainable fish farming activities are a hope for all cultivators. Suitable and stable environmental conditions are important factors for the sustainability of fish to grow, reproduce, avoid stress and disease. Providing a balanced diet is one of the environmental conditions that must be considered. Diets equipped with additives have been in great demand by researchers in the field of aquaculture, one of which is chitosan. Chitosan (β-(1-4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) is a natural polymer derived from the exoskeleton of insects, crustaceans, and fungal cell walls, through the process of deacetylation of chitin base. The biological properties of chitosan include immunostimulant, antibacterial, wound healing, analgesic, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor and intestinal microbial control. In addition, chitosan is also a safe additive. Based on some of the biological properties of chitosan, it is possible to apply it in cultivation. Therefore, it is of great interest to researchers in the field of aquaculture. The purpose of this article is to inform the effect of chitosan on fish which includes antibacterial activity against several types of bacteria that attack fish, immunostimulant activity and growth in fish. Based on the results of research and tests from several researchers described above, chitosan has the potential to be used in the management of fish health, because it has antibacterial, immunostimulating effects, is safe to use for sustainable aquaculture because it does not have toxic effects and has a positive impact on the growth of various fish species, and can eliminate heavy metals in the fish body. Chitosan can be given through feed or injection. Chitosan can be applied effectively for the management of fish health, if the concentration used is appropriate, adjusted for the type of fish and the type of disease.
Keywords:
- Chitosan
- disease
- antibacterial
- immunostimulant
How to Cite
Rosidah, ., & Mulyani, Y. (2022). A Mini-Review: The Role of Chitosan in Aquaculture Fish Health Management. Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research, 17(3), 24-31. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajfar/2022/v17i330405
References
Romano A, Caubet JC. Antibiotic allergies in children and adults: from clinical symptoms to skin testing diagnosis. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice. 2014;2(1):3–12. Available:https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jaip.2013.11.006
PMID: 24565763
Simorangkir R, Sarjit, Haditomo AHC. he Effect of garlic extract (Allium sativum) on the prevention of Vibrio harveyi bacterial infection and the survival of salin tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Journal Sains Akuakultul Tropis. 2020;4(2):139-147.
Husni P, Junaedi J, Gozal D. Potential of chitosan sourced from crayfish shell (Portunus pelagicus) waste in the pharmaceutical sector. Pharmacy Magazine. 2020;5(1):32-38.
Omidi S, Kakanejadifard A. Modification of chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle by long chain pyridinium compounds: Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities. Carbohydrate Polymers 2019;208:477–485.
Park JU, Song EH, Jeong SH, dkk. Chitosan-based dressing materials for problematic wound management. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 2018;1077(1):527-37.
Kurniawaty E, Putranta NR. Chitosan Biopolymer Potential in Wound Treatment. Medula. 2019;9(3):459-464.
Salam MA, Rahman MA, Paul SI, Islam F, Barman AK, Rahman Z, Shaha DC, Mahbubur MR, Islam T. Dietary chitosan promotes the growth, biochemical composition, gut microbiota, hematological parameters and internal organ morphology of juvenile Barbonymus gonionotus. Plos One. 2021;16(11):1-23. Available:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260192
Ruiz-Navajas Y, Viuda-Martos M, Sendra E, Perez-Alvarez JA, Ferna´ndez-Lo´pez J. In vitro antibacterial and antioxidant properties of chitosan edible films incorporated with Thymus moroderi or Thymus piperella essential oils. Food Control. 2013;30(2):386–92. Available:https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-554 PMID: 23834797.
Alishahi M, Esmaeili RA, Zarei, M. Effect of dietary chitosan on immune response and disease resistance in Cyprinus carpio. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2014;8(2):125-133.
Rahman M, Mukta JA, Sabir AA, Gupta DR, Mohi-Ud-Din M, Hasanuzzaman M, et al. Chitosan biopolymer promotes yield and stimulates accumulation of anti-oxidants in strawberry fruit. PLoS One. 2018;13(9):e0203769. Available:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203769 PMID: 30192877.
Rinaudo M. Chitin and chitosan: Properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci. 2006;31:603-632.
Nurliana S, Fachriza S, Hemelda NM, Yuniati R. Chitosan application for maintaining the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under drought condition. The 4th International Conference on Food and Agriculture. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2022;980:012013. DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/980/1/012013.
Pontius FW. Chitosan as a drinking water treatment coagulant. American Journal of Civil Engineering. 2016;4(5):205-215.
Hendrawati Sumarni S, Nurhasni. The use of chitosan as a natural coagulant in improving lake water quality. Chemistry Journal Valensi. 2015;1(1):1-11.
Meshkini S, Tafy AA, Tukmechi A, Pajuh FF. Effects of Chitosan on Hematological Parameters and Stress Resistance in Rainbow Trout (Onocorhynchus mykiss). Veterinary Research Forum. 2012;III(1):49-54.
Boonyo W, Junginger HE, Waranuch N, Polnok A, Pitaksuteepong T. Chitosan and trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC) as adjuvants for inducing immune responses to ovalbumin in mice following nasal administration. J Control Release. 2007;121:168- 175.
Cai-Ling Ke, Fu-Sheng Deng, Chih-Yu Chuang and Ching-Hsuan Lin. Review: Antimicrobial actions and applications of Chitosan. Polymers. 2021;13(904):1-21. Available:https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13060904
Ramesh U and Maridass M. Wound healing effect of chitosan in fresh water fish Cyprinus carpioL. Int J Biol Techol. 2010;1:99-102.
Okamoto Y, Kawakami K, Miyatake K, Morimoto M, Shigemasa Y, Minami S. Analgesic effects of chitin and chitosan. Carbohydr polym. 2002;49:249-252.
Rajalakshmi A, Krithiga N and Jayachitr A. Antioxidant activity of the chitosan extracted from shrimp exoskeleton. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research. 2013;16(10):1446-1451.
Qin C, Du Y, Xiao L, Li Z, Gao X. Enzymic preparation of water-soluble chitosan and their antitumor activity. Int J Biol Macromol. 2002;31:111-117.
Adhikari HS, Yadav PN. Review article anticancer activity of chitosan, Chitosan derivatives, and their mechanism of action. International Journal of Biomaterials. 2018;1:1-29.
Hirano S, Akiyama Y. Absence of a hypocholesterolaemic action of chitosan in high-serum-cholesterol rabbits. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 1995;69(1):91–94.
Shi-bin Y, Hong C. Effects of dietary supplementation of chitosan on growth performance and immune index in ducks. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2012;11(14):3490–5.
Thilagar G, Samuthirapandian R. Chitosan from crustacean shell waste and its protective role against lead toxicity in Oreochromis mossambicus. Toxicology Reports. 2020;7:296–303. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.02.006 PMID: 32071883.
Yıldız PO. Effect of chitosan coatings enriched with cinnamon oil on proximate composition of rainbow trout fillets. In AIP Conference Proceedings, AIP Publishing LLC. 2017;1833(1):020070.
Tosun S. Effect of Chitosan on Mineral Content of Human Tooth After Bleaching: An SEM-EDX Study. Journal of Advanced Oral Research. 2019;10(2):161–4.
Ayyubi SN, Kusmiyati, Purbasari A, Pratiwi WZ. Review: Application of chitosan-based composite materials as food packaging materials. TEKNIK. 2021;42(3):335-352.
Rochima E, Fiyanih E, Afrianto E, Joni IM, Subhan U, Panatarani C. Effect of addition of nanochitosan suspension on edible coating on antibacterial activity. Indonesian Journal of Fishery Products Processing. 2018;21(1):127-136.
Fernández M, Plessing CV, Cárdenas G. Preparation and characterization of chitosan gels. J. Chil. Chi. Soc. 2006;51:1022-1024.
Kurniasih M, Kartika D. Chitosan antibacterial activity against S. aureus Bakteria. Molekul. 2009;4(1):1–5.
Goy RC, de Britto D, Assis OBG. A review of the antimicrobial activity of chitosan. Polimeros. 2009;19(3):241-247.
Yildirim-Aksoy M, Beck BH. Antimicrobial activity of chitosan and a chitosan oligomer against bacterial pathogens of warmwater fish. Journal Applied Microbiology. 2017;122(6):1570-1578.
Sarwono R. Pemanfaatan Kitin/Kitosan Sebagai Bahan Anti Mikroba. Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia. 2010;12(1): 32-38.
Rozi, Mukti AT, Samara SH, Santanumurti MB. The effect of chitosan in feed on growth, survival rate and feed utilization efficiency of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada. 2018;20(2):103-111.
Ranjan R, Prasad KP, Vani T, Kumar R. Effect of dietary chitosan on haematology, innate immunity and disease resistance of Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer (Bloch). Aquaculture Research. 2012;1–11.
Sukenda Jamal L, Wahjuningrum D, Hasan A. Use of chitosan to prevent aeromonas hydrophila infection on catfish Clarias sp. Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia. 2008;7(2):159–169.
Capkin E, Altinok I. Effects of dietary probiotic supplementations on revention/ treatment of yersiniosis disease. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2009;106(4):114–53.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672. 2008.04080.x PMID: 19191963.
Irianto A, Austin B. Use of probiotics to control furunculosis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Journal of Fish Diseases. 2002;25(6):333–42.
Mohapatra S, Chakraborty T, Prusty AK, PaniPrasad K, Mohanta KN. Beneficial effects of dietary probiotics mixture on hemato-immunology and cell apoptosis of Labeo rohita fingerlings reared at higher water temperatures. PloS One. 2014;9(6): e100929.
Zhu F, Quan H, Du H, and Xu Z. the effect of dietary chitosan and chitin supplementation on the survival and immune reactivity of crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Journal of The World Aquaculture Society. 2010;41(S2):284-290.
Salaah SM, El-Gaar, DM, Gaber HS. Potential effects of dietary chitosan against lead-induced innate immunotoxicity and oxidative stress in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research; 2021. DOI:10.1016/j.ejar.2021.10.004
Gopalakannan A, Arul V. Immuno-modulatory effects of dietary intake of chitin, chitosan and levamisole on the immune system of Cyprinus carpio and control of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in ponds. Aquaculture. 2006;255(1-4):179–87.
Najafabad, MK, Imanpoor MR, Taghizadeh V and Alishahi A. Effect of dietary chitosan on growth performance, hematological parameters, intestinal histology and stress resistance of Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum Kamenskii, 1901) fingerlings. J. Fish Physiol Biochem; 2016. DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0197-3
Zaki MA, Salem MES, Gaber MM, Nour AM. Effect of chitosan supplemented diet on survival, growth, feed utilization, body composition & histology of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). World J. Eng. & Tech. 2015;3:38-47. DOI: 10.4236/wjet.2015.34C005.
Han XY, Du WL, Huang QC, Xu ZR, Wang YZ. Changes in small intestinal morphology and digestive enzyme activity with oral administration of copper-loaded chitosan nanoparticles in rats. Biological Trace Elements Research. 2012;145:355-360. DOI: 10.1007/s12011- 011-9191-x
PMID: 24565763
Simorangkir R, Sarjit, Haditomo AHC. he Effect of garlic extract (Allium sativum) on the prevention of Vibrio harveyi bacterial infection and the survival of salin tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Journal Sains Akuakultul Tropis. 2020;4(2):139-147.
Husni P, Junaedi J, Gozal D. Potential of chitosan sourced from crayfish shell (Portunus pelagicus) waste in the pharmaceutical sector. Pharmacy Magazine. 2020;5(1):32-38.
Omidi S, Kakanejadifard A. Modification of chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle by long chain pyridinium compounds: Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities. Carbohydrate Polymers 2019;208:477–485.
Park JU, Song EH, Jeong SH, dkk. Chitosan-based dressing materials for problematic wound management. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 2018;1077(1):527-37.
Kurniawaty E, Putranta NR. Chitosan Biopolymer Potential in Wound Treatment. Medula. 2019;9(3):459-464.
Salam MA, Rahman MA, Paul SI, Islam F, Barman AK, Rahman Z, Shaha DC, Mahbubur MR, Islam T. Dietary chitosan promotes the growth, biochemical composition, gut microbiota, hematological parameters and internal organ morphology of juvenile Barbonymus gonionotus. Plos One. 2021;16(11):1-23. Available:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260192
Ruiz-Navajas Y, Viuda-Martos M, Sendra E, Perez-Alvarez JA, Ferna´ndez-Lo´pez J. In vitro antibacterial and antioxidant properties of chitosan edible films incorporated with Thymus moroderi or Thymus piperella essential oils. Food Control. 2013;30(2):386–92. Available:https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-554 PMID: 23834797.
Alishahi M, Esmaeili RA, Zarei, M. Effect of dietary chitosan on immune response and disease resistance in Cyprinus carpio. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2014;8(2):125-133.
Rahman M, Mukta JA, Sabir AA, Gupta DR, Mohi-Ud-Din M, Hasanuzzaman M, et al. Chitosan biopolymer promotes yield and stimulates accumulation of anti-oxidants in strawberry fruit. PLoS One. 2018;13(9):e0203769. Available:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203769 PMID: 30192877.
Rinaudo M. Chitin and chitosan: Properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci. 2006;31:603-632.
Nurliana S, Fachriza S, Hemelda NM, Yuniati R. Chitosan application for maintaining the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under drought condition. The 4th International Conference on Food and Agriculture. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2022;980:012013. DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/980/1/012013.
Pontius FW. Chitosan as a drinking water treatment coagulant. American Journal of Civil Engineering. 2016;4(5):205-215.
Hendrawati Sumarni S, Nurhasni. The use of chitosan as a natural coagulant in improving lake water quality. Chemistry Journal Valensi. 2015;1(1):1-11.
Meshkini S, Tafy AA, Tukmechi A, Pajuh FF. Effects of Chitosan on Hematological Parameters and Stress Resistance in Rainbow Trout (Onocorhynchus mykiss). Veterinary Research Forum. 2012;III(1):49-54.
Boonyo W, Junginger HE, Waranuch N, Polnok A, Pitaksuteepong T. Chitosan and trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC) as adjuvants for inducing immune responses to ovalbumin in mice following nasal administration. J Control Release. 2007;121:168- 175.
Cai-Ling Ke, Fu-Sheng Deng, Chih-Yu Chuang and Ching-Hsuan Lin. Review: Antimicrobial actions and applications of Chitosan. Polymers. 2021;13(904):1-21. Available:https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13060904
Ramesh U and Maridass M. Wound healing effect of chitosan in fresh water fish Cyprinus carpioL. Int J Biol Techol. 2010;1:99-102.
Okamoto Y, Kawakami K, Miyatake K, Morimoto M, Shigemasa Y, Minami S. Analgesic effects of chitin and chitosan. Carbohydr polym. 2002;49:249-252.
Rajalakshmi A, Krithiga N and Jayachitr A. Antioxidant activity of the chitosan extracted from shrimp exoskeleton. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research. 2013;16(10):1446-1451.
Qin C, Du Y, Xiao L, Li Z, Gao X. Enzymic preparation of water-soluble chitosan and their antitumor activity. Int J Biol Macromol. 2002;31:111-117.
Adhikari HS, Yadav PN. Review article anticancer activity of chitosan, Chitosan derivatives, and their mechanism of action. International Journal of Biomaterials. 2018;1:1-29.
Hirano S, Akiyama Y. Absence of a hypocholesterolaemic action of chitosan in high-serum-cholesterol rabbits. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 1995;69(1):91–94.
Shi-bin Y, Hong C. Effects of dietary supplementation of chitosan on growth performance and immune index in ducks. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2012;11(14):3490–5.
Thilagar G, Samuthirapandian R. Chitosan from crustacean shell waste and its protective role against lead toxicity in Oreochromis mossambicus. Toxicology Reports. 2020;7:296–303. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.02.006 PMID: 32071883.
Yıldız PO. Effect of chitosan coatings enriched with cinnamon oil on proximate composition of rainbow trout fillets. In AIP Conference Proceedings, AIP Publishing LLC. 2017;1833(1):020070.
Tosun S. Effect of Chitosan on Mineral Content of Human Tooth After Bleaching: An SEM-EDX Study. Journal of Advanced Oral Research. 2019;10(2):161–4.
Ayyubi SN, Kusmiyati, Purbasari A, Pratiwi WZ. Review: Application of chitosan-based composite materials as food packaging materials. TEKNIK. 2021;42(3):335-352.
Rochima E, Fiyanih E, Afrianto E, Joni IM, Subhan U, Panatarani C. Effect of addition of nanochitosan suspension on edible coating on antibacterial activity. Indonesian Journal of Fishery Products Processing. 2018;21(1):127-136.
Fernández M, Plessing CV, Cárdenas G. Preparation and characterization of chitosan gels. J. Chil. Chi. Soc. 2006;51:1022-1024.
Kurniasih M, Kartika D. Chitosan antibacterial activity against S. aureus Bakteria. Molekul. 2009;4(1):1–5.
Goy RC, de Britto D, Assis OBG. A review of the antimicrobial activity of chitosan. Polimeros. 2009;19(3):241-247.
Yildirim-Aksoy M, Beck BH. Antimicrobial activity of chitosan and a chitosan oligomer against bacterial pathogens of warmwater fish. Journal Applied Microbiology. 2017;122(6):1570-1578.
Sarwono R. Pemanfaatan Kitin/Kitosan Sebagai Bahan Anti Mikroba. Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia. 2010;12(1): 32-38.
Rozi, Mukti AT, Samara SH, Santanumurti MB. The effect of chitosan in feed on growth, survival rate and feed utilization efficiency of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada. 2018;20(2):103-111.
Ranjan R, Prasad KP, Vani T, Kumar R. Effect of dietary chitosan on haematology, innate immunity and disease resistance of Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer (Bloch). Aquaculture Research. 2012;1–11.
Sukenda Jamal L, Wahjuningrum D, Hasan A. Use of chitosan to prevent aeromonas hydrophila infection on catfish Clarias sp. Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia. 2008;7(2):159–169.
Capkin E, Altinok I. Effects of dietary probiotic supplementations on revention/ treatment of yersiniosis disease. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2009;106(4):114–53.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672. 2008.04080.x PMID: 19191963.
Irianto A, Austin B. Use of probiotics to control furunculosis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Journal of Fish Diseases. 2002;25(6):333–42.
Mohapatra S, Chakraborty T, Prusty AK, PaniPrasad K, Mohanta KN. Beneficial effects of dietary probiotics mixture on hemato-immunology and cell apoptosis of Labeo rohita fingerlings reared at higher water temperatures. PloS One. 2014;9(6): e100929.
Zhu F, Quan H, Du H, and Xu Z. the effect of dietary chitosan and chitin supplementation on the survival and immune reactivity of crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Journal of The World Aquaculture Society. 2010;41(S2):284-290.
Salaah SM, El-Gaar, DM, Gaber HS. Potential effects of dietary chitosan against lead-induced innate immunotoxicity and oxidative stress in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research; 2021. DOI:10.1016/j.ejar.2021.10.004
Gopalakannan A, Arul V. Immuno-modulatory effects of dietary intake of chitin, chitosan and levamisole on the immune system of Cyprinus carpio and control of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in ponds. Aquaculture. 2006;255(1-4):179–87.
Najafabad, MK, Imanpoor MR, Taghizadeh V and Alishahi A. Effect of dietary chitosan on growth performance, hematological parameters, intestinal histology and stress resistance of Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum Kamenskii, 1901) fingerlings. J. Fish Physiol Biochem; 2016. DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0197-3
Zaki MA, Salem MES, Gaber MM, Nour AM. Effect of chitosan supplemented diet on survival, growth, feed utilization, body composition & histology of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). World J. Eng. & Tech. 2015;3:38-47. DOI: 10.4236/wjet.2015.34C005.
Han XY, Du WL, Huang QC, Xu ZR, Wang YZ. Changes in small intestinal morphology and digestive enzyme activity with oral administration of copper-loaded chitosan nanoparticles in rats. Biological Trace Elements Research. 2012;145:355-360. DOI: 10.1007/s12011- 011-9191-x
-
Abstract View: 100 times
PDF Download: 32 times
Download Statistics
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
