Orange Peel Waste Improved the Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Oxidative Stress, and Hematological Parameters of Labeo rohita
Tuba Latif Virk
Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Arifa Mehreen *
Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Majeeda Rasheed *
Department of Life Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
Ghazala Naheed
Poultry Research Institute, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Kumbukani Mzengereza
Department of Aquatic and Fisheries Science, Mzuzu University, Private bag 201, Mzuzu, Malawi.
Mohammed F. El Basuini
Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, 31527, Tanta, Egypt and Faculty of Desert Agriculture, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt.
Tehreem Rehman
Govt. Associate College (W), 36/SB, Sargodha, Pakistan.
Akram Ismael Shehata
Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Expensive and ineffective feed ingredients in fish feed are becoming a major problem for fish growth in the aquaculture industry. Therefore, the experiment was conducted to investigate the utilization of fruit processing wastes as a dietary component in the feed of rohu (Labeo rohita). Four different feed formulations were prepared using commercial diet and supplemented with different levels of orange peel powder (CT= 0%, T1= 15%, T2= 30% and T3= 45%). The experiment was performed in aquariums of dimensions 1x1.5x2 feet, filled with approximately 79 liters of water. Fish were fed two times a day at rate of 3% of their body weight for 35 days. The results showed that the T1, T2, and T3 treatments had almost 104%, 160%, and 68% higher weight gain than that of CT, respectively. The T1 (7.55%), T2 (17.78%), and T3 (4.26%) treatments had a lower feed conversion ratio than that of CT. The T1, T2, T3 treatments had almost 14.18%, 15.27%, and 6.11% lower mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration than that of CT. The T1 and T2 treatments had almost 7.01% and 17.42% higher total serum protein than that of CT, respectively. The T1 (0.90%) and T2 (6.23%) treatments had higher A/G ratios than that of CT, respectively and T3 (0.01%) had lower A/G ratio than that of CT. Overall, the dietary supplementation of 30% orange peel improved growth performance, feed utilization, oxidative stress, and hematological parameters in Labeo rohita.
Keywords: Feed utilization, growth performance, orange waste, oxidative stress