Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Water Column, Sediments, and Tissues of Silver Catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) and Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Collected from Sagbo Koji Riverine Community, Lagos Island, Southwest Nigeria
Olatayo Michael OGUNBANWO *
Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, Ecotoxicological Research Laboratory, Lagos State University of Science & Technology (LASUSTECH), Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria.
Dolapo Samuel OKEOWO
Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, Ecotoxicological Research Laboratory, Lagos State University of Science & Technology (LASUSTECH), Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria.
Israel Opeyemi. OKE
Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, Ecotoxicological Research Laboratory, Lagos State University of Science & Technology (LASUSTECH), Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria.
Sheu Gbolahan ODU-ONIKOSI
Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, Ecotoxicological Research Laboratory, Lagos State University of Science & Technology (LASUSTECH), Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria.
Babajide Elijah FALETI
Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, Ecotoxicological Research Laboratory, Lagos State University of Science & Technology (LASUSTECH), Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria.
Nike Funmilayo ALADETOHUN
Department of Fisheries Technology, Federal College of Fisheries and Marine Technology, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria.
Folalu Adekunle, AWE
Department of Fisheries, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos State, Nigeria.
Oluwole Ogunyemi
Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, Lagos State University of Science & Technology (LASUSTECH), Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
This study investigates the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in two commercially important fish species, Silver Catfish (C. nigrodigitatus) and Nile Tilapia (O. niloticus), as well as in the water and sediment of Sagbo Koji, a riverine community within Lagos Island, Nigeria. Samples of water, sediment, and fish tissues were collected from three stations over an eight-week period. Concentrations of nine heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cr, Cd, and Co) were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (IC-OES). Results revealed that most metals exceeded WHO/FEPA permissible limits in fish tissues, water, and sediments. C. nigrodigitatus accumulated higher levels of metals compared to O. niloticus, with Fe and Zn being the most abundant in both species. Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) analysis showed significant uptake of metals from both water and sediment, with Fe and Pb displaying the highest BCFs. The findings underscore the ecological and public health risks posed by anthropogenic pollution in the area and highlight the need for improved environmental monitoring and regulation.
Keywords: Heavy metals, bioaccumulation, bioconcentration factor, water pollution, sediment contamination, fish tissue