Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research

Impact of Helminth Infection on Physiological, Hematological, Biochemical, and Immune Parameters of Ornamental Fishes from Latur District, Maharashtra, India

Shivkant Madhukar Gutte, Datta Ashok Nalle — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Helminth infections are among the major health challenges affecting ornamental fish culture, leading to physiological stress, metabolic disturbances, and impaired immune function. This study evaluated the association between naturally occurring helminth infections and physiological, haematological, biochemical, immunological, and parasitological parameters in ornamental fishes collected from aquarium fish shops and culture units in Latur District, Maharashtra, India. A total of 120 ornamental fishes representing ten commercially important species were examined and categorised into healthy (n = 45) and helminth-infected (n = 75) groups following parasitological screening. Comparative analyses were performed using an independent Student's t-test at a significance level of p < 0.05. Helminth-infected fishes exhibited significantly lower body weight, condition factor, hepatosomatic index, gonadosomatic index, haemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte count, serum protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, lysozyme activity, and total immunoglobulin levels than healthy fishes. Conversely, leukocyte count, serum glucose concentration, liver enzyme activities (AST, ALT, and ALP), and respiratory burst activity were significantly higher in infected fishes, indicating physiological stress and altered innate immune responses. The overall prevalence of helminth infection was 62.5%, with the highest prevalence observed in koi carp and Oscar fish. These findings demonstrate a significant association between helminth infection and deterioration of physiological condition, haematological profile, metabolic status, and immune function in ornamental fishes. The study highlights the importance of routine health monitoring, effective parasite management, and improved biosecurity practices for sustainable ornamental aquaculture.

Feeding Habits, Length-weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Spotted Tilapia (Tilapia mariae; Boulenger, 1899) (Pisces: Cichlidae) in the Adofi River, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Mon, 13 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The food and feeding habits of fish have long attracted considerable attention from researchers, as they constitute a fundamental basis for the development and implementation of effective fisheries management programmes in both capture and culture fisheries. A comprehensive understanding of feeding ecology provides valuable insights into trophic interactions, resource utilisation, growth performance and habitat requirements, thereby facilitating the sustainable exploitation, conservation and management of fish populations. Cichlids are a dominant fish family in the Adofi River, and Tilapia mariae forms a significant component of local diets. The present study aimed to provide information on the food, feeding habits and growth characteristics of T. mariae from a stretch of the Adofi River, Niger Delta, Nigeria. The natural food of the species was studied from the stomach contents of 250 fish samples measuring 5.1-17.5 cm standard length and weighing 18.7-229.4 g. Stomach contents were analysed using the frequency of occurrence, numerical, fullness and point methods. Green algae, diatoms and desmids were the main food items of plant origin. Filamentous algae were the most preferred food items of plant origin, occurring in more than 90.0% of the fish examined. Coleoptera, diptera, trichoptera and chironomid larvae were the food items of animal origin. Feeding intensity varied seasonally, with peaks during the wet season. Tilapia mariae in the Adofi River was a daytime feeder, as the number of stomachs containing food items was significantly higher (P < 0.05) during the day (176) than at night (11). The fish showed a negative allometric growth pattern (b < 3). Monthly condition factor ranged from 2.0 to 3.2 and varied with individual fish length. Condition factor was higher during the wet season months. The baseline ecological data obtained for the first time on this species in the river, a first-order tropical stream in the Niger Delta, will provide information for future fish growth and food analyses, as well as for fisheries exploitation, management and conservation.

Growth Performance and Survival of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fed Raw Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal in an Aquaponic System

KOUAKOU Affoué Constantine, NOBAH Céline Sidonie Koco — Tue, 14 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: The high cost of aquafeeds limits the profitability of tilapia farming, particularly in low-input production systems. Black soldier fly larvae meal (Hermetia illucens) appears to be a local and sustainable protein source that can be used in aquaponic systems.

Aims: This study evaluated the effects of raw black soldier fly larvae meal on the growth performance and survival of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles reared in an aquaponic system in Côte d’Ivoire.

Study Design: A comparative experimental design involving two dietary treatments was used.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in Côte d’Ivoire over a 52-day experimental period.

Methodology: A total of 428 fry, with an initial mean weight of 1.3 g, were distributed into four rearing tanks and fed either raw black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFL) or a commercial control diet. Water quality parameters, the biochemical composition of BSFL meal, growth performance, survival rate, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were evaluated.

Results: Water quality parameters remained within acceptable ranges for tilapia culture, with no significant difference between treatments (p > 0.05). BSFL meal contained 39.11% crude protein, 9.40% lipid, 10% ash and 9.86% moisture. Fish fed the commercial diet showed significantly better final mean weight, weight gain, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio than those fed BSFL meal (p < 0.05). However, survival rates remained high and comparable, reaching 90.67 ± 0.70% in the BSFL group and 89.16 ± 1.54% in the control group.

Conclusion: Despite lower growth performance, raw BSFL meal appears to be a local and sustainable alternative protein source for low-input aquaculture systems. Its nutritional optimisation could improve fish growth and strengthen its use in sustainable aquaponic production systems.

Proximate Composition of Fresh and Smoked-dried Gymnarchus niloticus from Markets Along the Orashi River, Rivers State, Nigeria

Sat, 18 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study evaluated the proximate composition of fresh and smoked-dried Gymnarchus niloticus obtained from three markets along the Orashi River axis of Rivers State, Nigeria: Mbiama, Ndoni, and Omoku. Eighteen samples were collected monthly for three months, comprising three fresh and three smoked-dried samples from each location, and were analysed using standard proximate analytical procedures. The data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance, and mean separation was performed using Duncan's multiple range post-hoc test at P < .05. The results showed that smoke-drying significantly influenced the proximate composition of the fish samples. Moisture content was higher in fresh samples, ranging from 65.89% in Mbiama to 70.53% in Omoku, but declined markedly in smoked-dried samples, with values ranging from 13.99% in Ndoni to 18.26% in Mbiama. Crude protein increased after smoke-drying, from 14.98-18.83% in fresh samples to 65.08-72.40% in smoked-dried samples, indicating concentration associated with moisture reduction. Ash content also increased from 1.89-2.40% in fresh fish to 5.43-6.86% in smoked-dried fish, suggesting a relative increase in mineral concentration. Crude fat and carbohydrate contents generally decreased after drying, although the extent of change varied among the markets. Crude fibre showed smaller changes, with values differing across sample form and location. Significant differences were observed among samples from different locations and between processing forms, indicating that both market origin and smoke-drying contributed to variation in proximate composition. The findings provide baseline compositional information on G. niloticus from the Orashi River markets and show that smoke-drying substantially changes its moisture, protein, ash, fat, fibre, and carbohydrate profiles.

Seasonal Dynamics and Host-specific Infection Patterns of Intestinal Cestodes in Economically Important Freshwater Fishes of Chorakhali Dam, Dharashiv (Formerly Osmanabad), Maharashtra, India

Jyotsna Shivaji Khune, Shahaji Shivaji Chandanshive, Datta Ashok Nalle — Sat, 18 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Aims: This study investigated the seasonal dynamics and host-associated infection patterns of intestinal cestode parasites infecting economically important freshwater fishes from Chorakhali Dam, Maharashtra, India. The objectives were to determine the prevalence, mean intensity, and seasonal variation of cestode infections and to evaluate host–parasite associations under natural environmental conditions.

Study Design: A field-based observational parasitological study.

Place and Duration of Study: Chorakhali Dam, Dharashiv (formerly Osmanabad) District, Maharashtra, India, from June 2022 to April 2026.

Methodology: A total of 237 freshwater fishes representing commercially important species were collected from different sampling sites and examined for intestinal cestode infections using standard parasitological techniques. Recovered parasites were fixed, stained, mounted, and identified using established taxonomic keys. Parasitological indices, including prevalence, mean intensity, mean abundance, and host-associated occurrence, were calculated. Seasonal differences in infection were analysed using the Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA, with statistical significance accepted at P < 0.05.

Results: Among the 237 fishes examined, 108 (45.57%) were infected with intestinal cestodes. Infection prevalence differed significantly among seasons (P < 0.05), with the highest prevalence recorded during summer (60.26%), followed by winter (44.30%), and the lowest during the monsoon season (32.50%), consistent with the seasonal distribution presented in Table 3. Mastacembelus armatus exhibited the highest infection prevalence and was predominantly infected with Senga spp., whereas Circumoncobothrium spp. occurred mainly in Channa species. Mean parasite intensity and abundance were also significantly higher during summer (ANOVA: F = 14.27, P = 0.001), suggesting favourable environmental conditions for parasite transmission.

Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that intestinal cestode infections in freshwater fishes from Chorakhali Dam exhibit pronounced seasonal variation and distinct host-associated occurrence. Summer represents the peak transmission period, whereas monsoon conditions are associated with reduced infection. These findings provide baseline information for fish health surveillance, parasite management, and sustainable inland fisheries in Maharashtra.

Abundance and Diversity of Gastropoda Associated with the Mangrove Ecosystem in Jor Bay, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia

Riska Ageng Pangestu, Paryono, Soraya Gigentika, Sitti Hilyana, Nurliah Buhari — Sat, 18 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Mangrove ecosystems support diverse benthic communities, including gastropods that contribute to litter breakdown and may reflect habitat condition. This study assessed the genus-level composition and community structure of gastropods in the mangrove ecosystem of Jor Bay, East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Field sampling was conducted in April 2026 using a stratified random design across ten stations. At each station, gastropods were collected from three 1 × 1 m subquadrats established within a 10 × 10 m quadrat. Specimens were identified to genus level, and abundance, Shannon–Wiener diversity, Pielou’s evenness, and Simpson’s dominance indices were calculated. In total, 606 individuals representing nine genera were recorded at eight stations. The genera identified were Nerita sp., Terebralia sp., Littorina sp., Nassarius sp., Turricula sp., Clypeomorus sp., Chicoreus sp., Cerithidea sp., and Telescopium sp. Terebralia sp. was the most abundant and dominant genus, whereas Telescopium sp. was the least abundant. Diversity values ranged from 0.7436 to 1.3418, indicating low to moderate diversity. Evenness values ranged from 0.4620 to 0.9023, representing moderate to high evenness, while dominance values ranged from 0.3956 to 0.6575. Muddy substrates predominated at the stations where gastropods occurred and were associated with the widespread occurrence of Terebralia sp. These findings provide baseline information on the spatial variation and community structure of mangrove-associated gastropods in Jor Bay.

Invasion of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus 1758) and its Effects on Indian Major Carp Production in Singotam Reservoir, Telangana, India

Laxmappa Boini, Ravinder Rao Bakshi — Sat, 18 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Telangana is predominantly an inland fisheries state, with abundant lakes, reservoirs, dams, rivers, backwaters, and irrigation tanks. Indian major carps (IMCs) are widely consumed and cultured because of their texture and characteristic taste and their contribution to rural fisher livelihoods. In recent years, invasive fishes have entered open water bodies and adversely affected fisheries-dependent communities. This study was conducted from January 2023 to December 2025 to assess the association between Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) invasion and IMC catch composition in Singotam Reservoir, Nagarkurnool District, Telangana, India. Monthly fish-landing data were collected at the landing centre, and catches were graded by species and size with the assistance of local fishers. Nile tilapia accounted for approximately 76% of the cumulative catch, whereas IMCs accounted for 24%. The annual contribution of Nile tilapia increased from 63.26% in 2023 to 82.81% in 2025, while the IMC contribution declined from 36.74% to 17.19%. Catch composition differed significantly between fish categories and sampling years (p < 0.001). The decline in the IMC contribution despite periodic seed stocking suggests possible interspecific competition, although the landing-based design does not establish causality. The findings indicate a shift in reservoir catch composition towards Nile tilapia dominance and support the need for integrated catch monitoring, scientifically planned IMC stocking, targeted tilapia removal, and habitat-based management to sustain IMC productivity.

Sexual Segregation of Blacktip Reef Sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus) at Mitita Island, South Morotai, North Maluku, Indonesia

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Sexual segregation may influence habitat use, social interactions, and population organisation in reef-associated sharks. However, habitat-based and social segregation in blacktip reef sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus) at Mitita Island remains insufficiently understood. This study investigated habitat-based and social patterns of sexual segregation in blacktip reef sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus) at Mitita Island, South Morotai, North Maluku. Field observations were conducted at Mitita Point and Niomi Point over eight sampling days from June to August 2024, comprising 24 dives. Individual sharks were recognised through photo-identification using natural markings on the dorsal and caudal fins. Environmental conditions, benthic cover, reef fish abundance, shark occurrence, and agonistic interactions were recorded. Eighteen individuals were identified, including 12 females and 6 males. Females occurred more frequently at Mitita Point, which had greater live coral cover, higher reef fish abundance, and calmer current conditions, whereas males were observed more frequently at Niomi Point. Exploratory Poisson regression indicated that current velocity score and salinity were associated with female occurrence; none of the measured environmental variables significantly predicted male occurrence. Analysis of “Give Way” interactions suggested that females occupied more central positions within the observed interaction network. The findings indicate sex-related differences in spatial occurrence and social interactions within the local aggregation. However, these patterns should be interpreted cautiously because the study involved a small identified population, two sampling stations, a short observation period, an observational design, and controlled feeding during diver-based surveys. Longer-term, seasonal, non-provisioned monitoring and movement-tracking approaches are required to determine whether the observed patterns persist across time and habitats.

Exploring Freshwater Fish Diversity from Kuno River, Sheopur District of Madhya Pradesh, Central India

Sanjay Paunikar — Tue, 21 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Fish diversity and its conservation are major considerations for the sustainable use of aquatic natural resources. Fish also contribute substantially to food security and the national economy. This study prepared a systematic checklist of the fish fauna of the Kuno River and other water bodies within Kuno-Palpur National Park, Sheopur district, Madhya Pradesh. Surveys were conducted from September to December 2023. Fish were collected at different sampling sites using cast nets, drag nets, and kick nets. Species identified in the field were recorded on data sheets, photographed, and immediately released. Unidentified specimens were retained as vouchers, euthanised, and preserved in 70% ethanol. A total of 69 fish species belonging to 40 genera, 22 families, and 10 orders were recorded. Cypriniformes showed the highest diversity, with 35 species (50.72%) across five families, followed by Siluriformes, with 15 species (21.74%) across six families. Cyprinidae was the most species-rich family, with 22 species (31.88%), followed by Danionidae with eight (11.59%), Bagridae with seven (10.14%), and Channidae with four (5.80%). The assemblage comprised 57 Least Concern, six Near Threatened, four Not Evaluated, and two Vulnerable species according to the IUCN categories. The Kuno River fish fauna includes commercially important food and ornamental fishes, as well as exotic and widely distributed species.

Evaluation of the Cyclopoid Copepod Apocyclops royi as Live Feed for Larval Rearing of Pearlspot (Etroplus suratensis)

Amanulla Mehar Afshan, Abdus Saboor, Radha Vijayaraj, Kareem Altaff — Wed, 22 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of the cyclopoid copepod Apocyclops royi as a live feed for larval rearing of pearlspot (Etroplus suratensis) and to assess its suitability for hatchery-scale seed production by comparing its performance with that of Artemia franciscana nauplii and a combined feeding strategy.

Study Design: A 21-day experiment was conducted using 3-day-post-hatch (DPH) Etroplus suratensis larvae under three dietary treatments, each with three replicates. Larvae were reared in 100-L cylindrical polyester fibreglass tanks to evaluate survival, growth performance, and morphometric development.

Methodology: Pearlspot larvae were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments: (i) Apocyclops royi, (ii) Artemia franciscana nauplii, and (iii) a combination of A. royi and A. franciscana nauplii (1:1). Each treatment consisted of three replicate tanks stocked with 250 larvae per tank. Survival, body weight, total length, specific growth rate (SGR), and morphometric development were evaluated. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's HSD post hoc test, and significant differences among treatments were determined at p < 0.05.

Results: Significant dietary effects on larval performance were observed from 9 DPH onwards (p < 0.05). Larvae fed the combined diet exhibited the highest final weight (30.53 ± 0.64 mg), final length (12.51 ± 0.18 mm), specific growth rate (10.30 ± 0.14% day⁻¹), and survival (90.26 ± 1.67%), which were significantly greater than those of larvae fed A. royi alone (25.52 ± 0.58 mg; 11.53 ± 0.19 mm; 9.45 ± 0.11% day⁻¹; 80.66 ± 2.12%) or A. franciscana nauplii alone (23.03 ± 0.62 mg; 10.82 ± 0.22 mm; 8.96 ± 0.10% day⁻¹; 71.00 ± 2.61%) (one-way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD, p < 0.05). The combined diet also promoted greater body elongation, pigmentation, fin development, and overall morphometric differentiation.

Conclusion: Under the tested conditions, the combined diet of A. royi and A. franciscana nauplii was associated with improved survival, growth performance, and morphological development of E. suratensis larvae compared with either live feed provided individually. The findings indicate that including A. royi in larval feeding regimes may support pearlspot seed production and warrants further evaluation under hatchery conditions.

Contribution of Artisanal Fishers in Promotion of Sustainable Fisheries in Kwale County, Kenya

Stella Wandera, James Koske, Obed Matundura Ogega, Kennedy Osuka-Edeye — Mon, 27 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Artisanal fisheries underpin the ecological and socio-economic security of coastal communities across the Western Indian Ocean, yet the mechanisms linking fisher behaviour to perceived sustainability remain poorly quantified. We present the first large-scale, multivariate assessment of how fishing practices and support for mitigation measures jointly shape sustainability outcomes among artisanal fishers in Kwale County, Kenya. Using a mixed-methods design integrating a stratified survey of 319 fishers (87.4% response rate, 67 landing sites) with focus group discussions, we show that fishing practices (β = 0.2548, p = 0.002) and - more strongly - support for mitigation measures (β = 0.7139, p = 0.008) are significant, independent predictors of perceived fisheries sustainability. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multivariate regression in SPSS, while qualitative data were analysed thematically, allowing behavioural patterns and lived experience to be triangulated within a single analytical framework. Handline gear dominated, and most fishers held valid licenses and Beach Management Unit registration, indicating a governance-ready fisher base receptive to reform. Fishers expressed strong support for marine protected areas, gear restrictions, education, and monitoring technologies, positioning local buy-in as a lever for conservation policy rather than a barrier to it. These findings reframe sustainable small-scale fisheries management as a co-produced outcome of behaviour and institutional support, and provide evidence base for targeted subsidy and education programmes on selective, low-impact gear at national and county levels.

Prevalence and Morphometric Characterisation of Internal Helminth Parasites in Nandus nandus (Gangetic Leaffish) from Arial Beel, Bangladesh

Mon, 27 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Freshwater fishes commonly harbour a wide range of helminth parasites that may affect their health, growth and ecological interactions. Knowledge of helminth infections in Nandus nandus in Bangladesh remains limited. The present study explored the prevalence, mean intensity, mean abundance, organ distribution and morphometric features of internal helminths of N. nandus from Arial Beel, Bangladesh. A cross-sectional survey was conducted during February and March 2025 using 100 fish (44 males and 56 females). Each fish was measured, weighed, dissected and examined under stereo and compound microscopes. Helminths were recovered, fixed, stained, mounted and identified using standard morphological keys. Four taxa were identified: Clinostomum complanatum, Clinostomum giganticum, Bothriocephalus sp. and Pallisentis sp. Clinostomum complanatum was the dominant parasite with a prevalence of 38%, mean intensity of 6.24 and mean abundance of 2.37. The prevalences of C. giganticum, Bothriocephalus sp. and Pallisentis sp. were 7%, 6% and 3%, respectively. Parasite counts were highest in the medium-length group, which made up the majority of the sampled fish. Pearson correlation analysis revealed weak, statistically non-significant associations between host length or weight and parasite count in both sexes. These results provide new epidemiological and morphological data on helminths of N. nandus; however, seasonal and molecular studies are required for further interpretation.

Mangrove Tourism Suitability in Jor Bay, East Lombok District, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia

Octafany Dwi Anggraini, Sitti Hilyana, Soraya Gigentika, Nurliah Buhari — Tue, 28 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Assessment of mangrove ecosystem suitability is essential for supporting sustainable ecotourism development. However, no previous study has evaluated the Jor Bay mangrove ecosystem in East Lombok Regency, Indonesia, by integrating biophysical tourism suitability with stakeholder perceptions. This study aimed to assess the suitability of the ecosystem for mangrove ecotourism using the Tourism Suitability Index (TSI) and to evaluate stakeholder perceptions of its development. A quantitative descriptive approach was applied. Field observations were conducted at nine stations selected through purposive sampling, while mangrove vegetation data were collected through stratified random sampling using three quadrat transects at each station. Mangrove thickness, density, species composition, tidal range, and associated biota were assessed to determine the TSI. Stakeholder perceptions were evaluated using Likert-scale questionnaires administered to eight purposively selected respondents comprising tourism operators, fishers, village government staff, and tourism managers. Mangrove thickness ranged from 27.5 to 119 m, density ranged from 5 to 31 individuals per 100 m², and five mangrove species were identified. TSI values ranged from 0.647 to 1.533; most stations were classified as unsuitable, while Station 2 was highly unsuitable. Limited mangrove thickness was the principal constraint, although the other assessed parameters were relatively favourable. Stakeholder perceptions were highly positive, with all indicators classified as very high. These findings indicate that the current biophysical conditions do not yet meet the suitability criteria for mangrove ecotourism development, despite strong stakeholder support for its future development.

Acute Toxicity Assessment of Ethanolic Extract of Unripe Plantain (Musa paradisiaca) Peel on Juveniles of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822): Implications for Its Use as a Feed Additive in Aquaculture Diets

U. U. George, C. C. Okorie, A. C. Agbara, I. E. George — Tue, 28 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The increasing search for cost-effective and sustainable feed additives in aquaculture has stimulated interest in the utilisation of agricultural wastes such as unripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca) peels. This study evaluated the acute toxicity of ethanolic extract of unripe plantain peels on juveniles of Clarias gariepinus to determine its safety for potential application in aquaculture feed formulation. Ten juveniles were stocked in each plastic aquarium containing two litres of water and exposed to 0, 20, 25, 30 and 35 mg/L of the extract in duplicate batches (A and B) under static bioassay conditions for 96 hours. Mortality, behavioural responses, water-quality parameters and histopathological alterations of the gills and liver were assessed following standard procedures. No mortality was recorded in the control and 20 mg/L treatments, while 10% mortality was observed at 25 mg/L. Mortality increased to 20-30% and 40-50% at 30 and 35 mg/L, respectively. Behavioural abnormalities, including air gulping, erratic swimming, respiratory distress and vertical erection, increased with concentration and exposure duration. Significant variations (p < 0.05) were observed in pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity and temperature across treatments and exposure periods. Histological examination of the gills revealed no pathological alterations in any treatment group, indicating preservation of gill structural integrity. Similarly, liver tissues from the control and 25 mg/L groups showed normal architecture, whereas moderate to severe hepatic distortions, characterised by tissue degeneration and structural disorganisation, were observed at 20, 30 and 35 mg/L. The findings indicate that lower concentrations of ethanolic extract of unripe plantain peels are relatively safe for C. gariepinus juveniles, while higher concentrations may induce toxicological effects. Therefore, careful dosage consideration is necessary before incorporation into aquaculture feed formulations.

Factors Associated with Post-Harvest Losses and Quality Deterioration of Green Mussels (Perna viridis) in Bacoor, Cavite, Philippines

Fri, 31 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Aim: This study analysed the factors associated with farmer-reported post-harvest losses and perceived quality deterioration among green mussel (Perna viridis) farmers in Bacoor, Cavite, Philippines.

Study Design: A descriptive-correlational research design supplemented by key informant interviews was used.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in selected coastal areas of Bacoor, Cavite, Philippines, during the first and second weeks of March 2026.

Methodology: Data were gathered from 98 green mussel farmers using a structured questionnaire. Post-harvest losses were measured as farmer-reported kilogram losses before sale, while quality deterioration was assessed using farmers’ perceived and observable indicators. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, weighted means, multiple linear regression, regression diagnostics, and sensitivity analyses. Key informant interviews were used to contextualise the survey findings.

Results: Respondents had a mean age of 47.27 years and a mean farming experience of 18.95 years; 84.70% had no formal training related to mussel farming or post-harvest handling. On a five-point practice scale, harvesting (weighted mean = 4.51), packaging (weighted mean = 4.31), cleaning (weighted mean = 4.30), and transportation (weighted mean = 4.25) were consistently practised, while icing was rarely adopted (weighted mean = 1.30). Total reported harvest was 101,241 kg, while reported losses were 5,679 kg, equivalent to 5.61%. The regression model was significant, F(20, 77) = 2.79, P < .001, with R² = .421 and adjusted R² = .270. Mussel farming area, sex, and training attendance were significantly associated with reported losses, although the results were interpreted cautiously because of scale sensitivity and small subgroup sizes. Diagnostic tests indicated no severe multicollinearity, acceptable residual normality, no evidence of heteroscedasticity, and no highly influential cases. Rough handling, shell breakage, and heavy rainfall were the leading perceived sources of quantity loss, while foul odour, high temperature, sun exposure, and slimy texture were the main perceived indicators or conditions related to quality deterioration.

Conclusion: Farmer-reported post-harvest losses among green mussel farmers in Bacoor were modest in percentage terms but economically meaningful. Improving post-harvest outcomes requires practical training, careful shell handling, improved sorting, protective and ventilated containers, shaded temporary holding, and feasible cold-handling options.

Fruit Processing Residues as Alternative Feed Ingredients in Aquaculture: A Critical Narrative Review of Nutritional Value, Functional Effects and Circular-economy Constraints

Dian Yuni Pratiwi, Ernawati — Wed, 29 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The rapid expansion of aquaculture has intensified demand for feed ingredients and renewed interest in low-cost, regionally available materials that reduce reliance on fishmeal and conventional plant proteins. Fruit processing generates large quantities of peels, pomace, seeds, kernels and reject whole fruit, and these residues carry fermentable carbohydrates, dietary fibre, pigments and polyphenolic compounds that have prompted their evaluation as aquafeed components. This review critically synthesises the evidence on fruit-derived residues in finfish and crustacean nutrition, organised around composition, antinutritional constraints, growth and feed-utilisation responses, functional effects on immunity and antioxidant status, pigmentation and product quality, and bioprocessing strategies that modify residue value. The available literature is dominated by short-term feeding trials in a small number of hardy freshwater species, most prominently Nile tilapia, common carp and rainbow trout, with grape pomace, citrus peel, apple pomace, pomegranate residues, banana peel, papaya, watermelon rind, mango kernel and olive cake among the residues examined. Across this evidence, a recurring dose-dependent pattern emerges in which modest dietary inclusion is often tolerated or associated with improved immune and antioxidant indices, whereas higher inclusion tends to depress growth and feed efficiency, an effect commonly attributed to fibre, tannins and other antinutritional factors. Processing interventions, particularly fermentation, are reported to lower antinutrient load and improve nutritional accessibility, but the supporting studies are heterogeneous and rarely standardised. Confidence in generalisable conclusions is limited by inconsistent characterisation of residues, narrow species coverage, an absence of long-term and grow-out data, and few economic or life-cycle assessments. The strongest defensible conclusion is that fruit residues are better positioned as functional or partial ingredients than as primary protein or energy sources. Priorities include standardised residue characterisation, dose-response and long-term trials, mechanistic work on polyphenol-microbiome interactions, and integrated sustainability assessment.

Bioactive Compounds in Seafood and Their Bioavailability in Human Health: A Review

Olaolu Olalekan Fawole, Oluwatosin Abidemi Ogunkalu, Gbadebo Olusegun Odularu — Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Growing awareness of the nutritional and health benefits of fish and shellfish has increased interest in seafood-derived bioactive compounds. This review provides a holistic overview of the principal bioactive compounds in seafood, the methods used for their extraction and processing, and their relevance to human health. Seafood contains a diverse range of compounds, including omega-3 fatty acids, proteins and peptides, vitamins, carotenoids, phospholipids, phenolic compounds, minerals, and polysaccharides, many of which have potential applications in functional foods and nutraceutical products. The principal extraction and processing methods considered include supercritical fluid extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis, subcritical water extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and ultrasound-assisted extraction. The distinctive bioactive constituents of fish and shellfish support the nutritional value of seafood, and increased seafood consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of chronic conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Functional food ingredients may also support prenatal health and contribute to reduced healthcare costs. This review therefore examines the major sources, extraction techniques, bioavailability, and reported health benefits of seafood-derived bioactive compounds.

Assessment of the Genotoxic Potential of Mancozeb and Propiconazole Fungicides in the Freshwater Catfish Clarias batrachus: A Study Protocol

Tanya, Neeru Singh — Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Mancozeb and propiconazole are widely used agricultural fungicides that can enter freshwater bodies through surface runoff and may affect non-target aquatic organisms. Clarias batrachus, a freshwater catfish of ecological and food-fish significance, is frequently associated with habitats exposed to agricultural effluents and provides a suitable model for cytogenetic assessment because of its nucleated erythrocytes. This study protocol outlines an approach for assessing the genotoxic potential of mancozeb and propiconazole, individually and in combination, in C. batrachus. The proposed design includes acute and chronic exposure scenarios, sub-lethal concentrations derived from LC₅₀ values, and biomarker-based evaluation of DNA damage in blood, gill, liver and kidney tissues. The principal endpoints include the alkaline comet assay, micronucleus test and chromosomal aberration analysis, supported by oxidative stress markers such as SOD, CAT, GPx and MDA. Molecular analysis of DNA repair and stress-response genes is also proposed to clarify possible mechanisms of toxicity. The protocol further emphasises environmentally relevant exposure conditions, mixture-toxicity assessment and standardised sampling procedures. The expected outcome is a structured framework for generating species-specific evidence on fungicide-induced genotoxicity in C. batrachus. Such data may support aquatic biomonitoring, ecological risk assessment and future management of pesticide contamination in freshwater environments.

Observations on the Types of Deformed Larvae Encountered during Induced Spawning of a Threatened Catfish, Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch,1794)

S. K. Sahoo, A. K. Chaudhari, S. N. Sahoo, S. S. Giri — Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Larval deformity is a recurring hatchery concern because it reduces seed quality, production efficiency, growth and survival. The present study recorded and categorised the visible morphological anomalies encountered during induced spawning and hatching of the threatened butter catfish, Ompok bimaculatus. Broodfish weighing 90–120 g were collected during July, and females were induced with Ovatide at 1 mL/kg body weight. Eggs obtained after stripping were fertilised with sperm suspension prepared from harvested testes and incubated in a flow-through plastic-tub hatchery. Approximately 300–400 fertilised eggs were placed in each hatching tub, and hatching was allowed for 24–26 h. Deformed larvae were collected from four breeding attempts, segregated initially using a magnifying glass and confirmed under a stereozoom microscope. The observed deformities were classified as teratoma, acephala, dwarf larvae and axial deformity. Teratoma was characterised by an undifferentiated embryonic mass without distinct body parts; acephala showed an indistinct head region; dwarf larvae were smaller than normal hatchlings; and axial deformity involved bending or multiple curvatures of the trunk and/or tail. Normal larvae were 4–5 mm long, whereas some deformed larvae were 2–3 mm or 2.6–3.1 mm long. Deformity was generally 5–7% during usual breeding operations and increased to 10–15% during late breeding. The observations indicate that visible larval deformities are important practical indicators of hatchery seed quality in O. bimaculatus.